MDMA is the shortened chemical name for the synthetic psychoactive drug 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. It can come in powder or crystal form and is also the active ingredient expected to be found in ecstasy pills.

MDMA is an empathogen-type drug with stimulant effects and it is usually swallowed. MDMA is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1971).

What you need to know

You can't be sure how you might react to MDMA or particular dose as everyone is different. Short-term physical side effects can include:

• dilated pupils
• a tingling feeling
• tightening of the jaw muscles
• raised body temperature
• increased heart rate

You won’t know whether it is MDMA or potentially some other more toxic, harmful or longer lasting substance.

Some ecstasy pills contain large amounts of MDMA, adding to the risks. You can also never be sure that any pill (or powder or liquid) actually contains what you’re told it does.

Pills, powders or crystals containing other drugs but sold as MDMA may take longer to take effect, so it is important to wait at least 2 hours before re-dosing, or even better avoid re-dosing altogether.

Risks of MDMA use

With repeated use, MDMA depletes serotonin, a hormone that regulates mood and feelings of wellbeing. Over time this may increase your risk of experiencing anxiety and depression.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and some other medications prescribed for mental health conditions can dull the euphoria people seek from MDMA and it may be tempting to take more to reach the desired effect.

This will put more strain on the body rather than improve the experience, and can lead to an increased risk of a dangerous, potentially fatal condition called serotonin syndrome.

The dangers and risks to health, or indeed life, associated with the consumption of all controlled drugs (including MDMA) are significant in themselves. However this is increased further when you mix different types of drugs together, including alcohol and certain medicines.

Hydration

Using MDMA can lead to overheating and dehydration. This risk is greater if people are in a hot environment, like a club, without taking breaks.

Drinking too much (including water) can also be dangerous. This is because MDMA can cause the body to release a hormone which stops it making urine, and drinking too much water can affect your body's salt balance.